Artikelnummer
LOSCICSD
Autor
Cambridge Springs Defence
166 Seiten, Chess Enterprises, 2. Auflage 1994, Erstauflage 1984
Final vergriffen
The Cambridge Springs Defense was once the most popular variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined. Eventually White feared it so much that the Exchange Variation was used to avoid it. After some time, it fell into disuse. In his 1984 monograph, National Master Eric Schiller re-examined it and found that it was fully playable, and with the Exchange Variation no longer a potent weapon, there was no reason why the Cambridge Springs should not resume its place in the Queen's Gambit Declined.
Just after the monograph was published, the opening became topical again, thanks to its use by Smyslov in his Candidate's match against Kasparov, and the the latter's adoption of it in the World Championship match against Karpov. Suddenly the scrutiny of the Cambridge Springs, on and off the board, brought a mass of new theory to the venerable openings, and once again the variation is a regular visitor to the tournament scene.
In this, revised edition, Dr. Schiller adds hundreds of new games to the collection, with notes on the latest trends, and reissues his comments on the strategy and tactics of the Cambridge Springs. The monograph contains everything chessplayers need to add this popular opening to their repertoire.
The Cambridge Springs Defense is an opening rich in strategic and tactical ideas. It has been employed by many of the best players in the history of the game, including such players as Alekhine, Bogoliubow, Botvinnik, Capablanca, Ed. Lasker, Em. Lasker, Euwe, Marshall, Nimzowitsch, Reti, Samisch and Tartakower. In more recent times it has been included in the repertoires of Grandmasters Dorfman, Ljubojevic, Seirawan, Vaganian, and Yusupov.
The starting point of the Cambridge Springs is the position after 1 d4 d5 2 c4 e6 3 Nc3 Nf6 4 Bg5 Nbd7 5 e3 c6 6 Nf3 Qa5
Black deploys his queen rather early in the opening, but in return he obtains a strong pin on the Nc3, and thus indirect control of the crucial e4 square. Moreover, he breaks the pin g5-d8, and does not commit his Bf8 to a particular square. It may deploy at b4, increasing the pressure on the Nc3, or can stay at home at e7 or d6. It is important to keep in mind Black's threat of dxc4, with an exposed attack on the Bg5. This tactic often forces White to part with his dark squared bishop. The power of Black's bishop pair will then become operable as soon as he can free the Bc8, always a problem in the Queen's Gambit. Here too the queen is of assistance at a5, since once the Pd5 is removed both e6-e5 and c6-c5 are supported.
On the other hand, the Black queen is exposed to attack on a5. When Black plays dxc4, the eventual recapture Nxc4 (White usually plays Nf3-d2 to relieve the pressure along the diagonal and reinforce control of e4) will drive it from its post and gain time for White to size control of e5. In addition, the Black queen may find herself very far from home and unable to respond in an emergency. The opening has slid in and out of favor in its 80 year experience, and is being seen more frequently in present praxis than at any time since the 50's.
It seems that the opening was first played on May 6, 1904 in the eighth round of the grand tournament at Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania (hence the name of the opening). Samarian's claim that Pillsbury played it at Nuremburg 1896 is unsupportable. The opening is not discussed in any of my pre-1905 opening references, but it is interesting to note that Marshall did not make any comments about the opening play in his annotation to his game against Teichman, which is the earliest reference I can find to the opening.
Bogoliubow (1928) called the opening the "Pillsbury Variation" and wrote: "This counterattack, frequently employed by Pillsbury, and which I myself have taken up with pleasure in recent times, is, in my opinion, well grounded, since it attack many squares in the enemy camp." He goes on to use the efficiency of this opening as an argument against 3 Nc3, preferring 3 Nf3.
Salvioli (1930) also attributed the high prestige of the opening to Pillsbury but he was probably following Bogoliubow, who he cites frequently, since no Pillsbury games appear in his analysis.
The war years saw the Cambridge Springs take on such an awesome reputation that it was usually avoided by the Exchange Variation of other means. In fact, it was the rise in popularity of the Exchange that resulted in the infrequent appearance of the Cambridge Springs. When the Exchange Variation lost its bite, new systems were being explored in the QGD. Spassky revived the Tarrasch and then Karpov made the systems with ...b6 popular. Somehow the Cambridge Springs got lost in the shuffle. Today, however, it seems to be making a comeback. BCO (1982) describes it as "yet another solid variation that is enjoying a revival, largely through the efforts of Yusupov and Smyslov".
Just after the monograph was published, the opening became topical again, thanks to its use by Smyslov in his Candidate's match against Kasparov, and the the latter's adoption of it in the World Championship match against Karpov. Suddenly the scrutiny of the Cambridge Springs, on and off the board, brought a mass of new theory to the venerable openings, and once again the variation is a regular visitor to the tournament scene.
In this, revised edition, Dr. Schiller adds hundreds of new games to the collection, with notes on the latest trends, and reissues his comments on the strategy and tactics of the Cambridge Springs. The monograph contains everything chessplayers need to add this popular opening to their repertoire.
The Cambridge Springs Defense is an opening rich in strategic and tactical ideas. It has been employed by many of the best players in the history of the game, including such players as Alekhine, Bogoliubow, Botvinnik, Capablanca, Ed. Lasker, Em. Lasker, Euwe, Marshall, Nimzowitsch, Reti, Samisch and Tartakower. In more recent times it has been included in the repertoires of Grandmasters Dorfman, Ljubojevic, Seirawan, Vaganian, and Yusupov.
The starting point of the Cambridge Springs is the position after 1 d4 d5 2 c4 e6 3 Nc3 Nf6 4 Bg5 Nbd7 5 e3 c6 6 Nf3 Qa5
Black deploys his queen rather early in the opening, but in return he obtains a strong pin on the Nc3, and thus indirect control of the crucial e4 square. Moreover, he breaks the pin g5-d8, and does not commit his Bf8 to a particular square. It may deploy at b4, increasing the pressure on the Nc3, or can stay at home at e7 or d6. It is important to keep in mind Black's threat of dxc4, with an exposed attack on the Bg5. This tactic often forces White to part with his dark squared bishop. The power of Black's bishop pair will then become operable as soon as he can free the Bc8, always a problem in the Queen's Gambit. Here too the queen is of assistance at a5, since once the Pd5 is removed both e6-e5 and c6-c5 are supported.
On the other hand, the Black queen is exposed to attack on a5. When Black plays dxc4, the eventual recapture Nxc4 (White usually plays Nf3-d2 to relieve the pressure along the diagonal and reinforce control of e4) will drive it from its post and gain time for White to size control of e5. In addition, the Black queen may find herself very far from home and unable to respond in an emergency. The opening has slid in and out of favor in its 80 year experience, and is being seen more frequently in present praxis than at any time since the 50's.
It seems that the opening was first played on May 6, 1904 in the eighth round of the grand tournament at Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania (hence the name of the opening). Samarian's claim that Pillsbury played it at Nuremburg 1896 is unsupportable. The opening is not discussed in any of my pre-1905 opening references, but it is interesting to note that Marshall did not make any comments about the opening play in his annotation to his game against Teichman, which is the earliest reference I can find to the opening.
Bogoliubow (1928) called the opening the "Pillsbury Variation" and wrote: "This counterattack, frequently employed by Pillsbury, and which I myself have taken up with pleasure in recent times, is, in my opinion, well grounded, since it attack many squares in the enemy camp." He goes on to use the efficiency of this opening as an argument against 3 Nc3, preferring 3 Nf3.
Salvioli (1930) also attributed the high prestige of the opening to Pillsbury but he was probably following Bogoliubow, who he cites frequently, since no Pillsbury games appear in his analysis.
The war years saw the Cambridge Springs take on such an awesome reputation that it was usually avoided by the Exchange Variation of other means. In fact, it was the rise in popularity of the Exchange that resulted in the infrequent appearance of the Cambridge Springs. When the Exchange Variation lost its bite, new systems were being explored in the QGD. Spassky revived the Tarrasch and then Karpov made the systems with ...b6 popular. Somehow the Cambridge Springs got lost in the shuffle. Today, however, it seems to be making a comeback. BCO (1982) describes it as "yet another solid variation that is enjoying a revival, largely through the efforts of Yusupov and Smyslov".
| EAN | 0931462320 |
|---|---|
| Gewicht | 200 g |
| Hersteller | Chess Enterprises |
| Breite | 13,5 cm |
| Höhe | 21,5 cm |
| Medium | Buch |
| Erscheinungsjahr | 1994 |
| Autor | Eric Schiller |
| Sprache | Englisch |
| Auflage | 2 |
| ISBN-10 | 0931462320 |
| Jahr der Erstauflage | 1984 |
| Seiten | 166 |
006 Introduction
014 Chapter 1 Main Line with 9...e5
019 Chapter 2 Other 9th Moves For Black
021 Chapter 3 Argentine Variation
027 Chapter 4 Timman's 9 a3 and Rotlevi's 9 Bxf6
039 Chapter 5 Russian Variation (8...Ne4) and 8...dxc4
054 Chapters Rubinstein and Teichmann Variations
071 Chapter 7 Pawn Exchange Variation 7 cxd5
083 Chapter 8 Piece Exchange Variation 7 Bxf6
093 Chapter 9 Alternatives at Move 7 For White
099 Index of Players
100 Index of Variations
014 Chapter 1 Main Line with 9...e5
019 Chapter 2 Other 9th Moves For Black
021 Chapter 3 Argentine Variation
027 Chapter 4 Timman's 9 a3 and Rotlevi's 9 Bxf6
039 Chapter 5 Russian Variation (8...Ne4) and 8...dxc4
054 Chapters Rubinstein and Teichmann Variations
071 Chapter 7 Pawn Exchange Variation 7 cxd5
083 Chapter 8 Piece Exchange Variation 7 Bxf6
093 Chapter 9 Alternatives at Move 7 For White
099 Index of Players
100 Index of Variations