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How to Calculate Chess Tactics

176 Seiten, kartoniert, Gambit, 1. Auflage 2006

18,95 €
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Thinking methods are at the heart of the chess struggle, yet most players devote little conscious effort to improving their calculating ability. Much of the previous literature on the subject has presented idealized modeis that have limited relevance to the hurly-burly of practical chess, or eise provide little more than ad hoc suggestions. Here, experienced trainer Valeri Beim strikes a balance by explaining how to use intuition and logic together to solve tactical Problems in a methodical way. He also offers advice on when it is best to calculate 'like a machine', and when it is better to rely on intuitive assessment.

Introduction

This book is not typical of the majority of books about tactics, or collections of combinations, nor does it contain a conventional classification of combinations by theme. However, the reader will find plenty of combinations themselves, and the book will also cover, from an original and unconventional standpoint, a number of wider questions. Most of all, it is concerned with two of the most important subjects in chess - tactics and the calculation of variations.
I am convinced that there can be no doubt of the special importance of these two subjects, because there is not a player in the world who has not frequently (I emphasize - frequently, not just once or twice) suffered from one of the following:
a) overlooking a possible tactical blow from the opponent;
b) failing to seize the opportunity of a favourable tactical resolution to the problems of the position; or,
c) simply being outclassed by his opponent in the art of calculating variations, which as we shall see, consists of a number of components.
Alternatively, let us take the example of such a vital aspect of chess as the ability to place one's pieces on the most favourable squares. Even where the correct formation is obvious to the player, he still has to carry out the necessary regrouping in the correct move-order. And the correctness of the latter depends wholly on accurate calculation of variations. An error in this department can wreck even the most immaculate positional conception. Furthermore, a weakness in tactics and the calculation of variations can cost a player dearly, even in the most favourable of positions. Such situations have, without doubt, occurred in the practice of every chess-player.
There is one other aspect of this problem. Positional errors can damage one's position, but rarely in a way that is immediately fatal. By contrast, mistakes in calculating variations (especially overtactical resources, be they for oneself or the opponent) can, and often do, lead to a serious deterioration in one's position, if not an immediate loss. Furthermore, as you will see in this book, in many positions it is difficult, if not impossible, to arrive at an accurate assessment without calcuconcrete variations. In other words, the ability to calculate variations has a significant influence on a player's positional judgement.
And there is one final, but highly important, consideration. Let us ask ourselves this question: of all the qualities a chess-player needs for success, which is the most important? Of the many possianswers, I think we can agree with this one: the ability to win! And the most important element in this is the player's tactical mastery and ability to calculate variations. If a player has an insufficient level of skill in this respect, it is extremely difficult to achieve success in chess, just as a soccer team cannot win without having at least one player who can put the ball in the back of the net.
From all that has been said, one inescapable conclusion follows: although chess consists of many different elements, the single most important factors in deciding the outcome of a game of chess are tactics and the calculation of variations.
As my regular readers will notice, some of the problems we shall deal with in this book have already formed the subject of one chapter in my first book Chess Recipes from the Grandmaster 's Kitchen. It is now time to reveal that that book consisted in the main of a series of articles about difthemes, almost a collection of draft outlines. It had always been my intention that those parts of the book which dealt with the most important issues would be covered in more detail in separate volumes, and the present book represents the first of these. In this regard, I should point out that in it, I have not repeated any of the examples used in Recipes and that with only insignificant exceptions, nothing presented here has appeared before in my other books. I have also tried, to the greatest possible extent, to use in this book the most recent and up-to-date material, in particular games from the past three years. Having said that, I have also used some examples from the classics, but mostly ones that should not be overly familiar to most readers.
The quantity of material presented here is considerable, but the amount available to me was even greater. To keep the coverage concise, I have mostly quoted game fragments, and have only rarely given complete games. In addition, in the 'Exercises' section, when presenting the solutions, I have often added additional material to that in the main body of the book, offering further conclusions and advice.
Despite all that I have said above about the importance of the subject covered here, I am sure that many chess lovers will inevitably wonder whether yet another book is really needed on a subject about which so much has been, and continues to be, written. What in particular can the reader expect to find in this book, other than just some newer examples of the same topics? I have said before that I never start work on a book unless I can say that I have something new to present. Whether great or small, there is always something new in my books. On this occasion, I shall present you with an especially significant number of completely original considerations, conclusions and recommendations, which in the main are either contrary to the generally-accepted views, or in some cases supplement and develop these views. It follows from this that the book is inevitably somewhat polemical in places, and this is especially true in relation to the work of Grandmaster Kotov, who in the past wrote a good deal about the same subject.
As with my previous books, I politely request that my readers send me their comments on what they read here, irrespective of whether these comments are favourable or otherwise. Both your praise and your constructive criticism will be received with my gratitude. My e-mail address is valeribeim@gmx.net

Valeri Beim
Vienna, June 2006
Weitere Informationen
EAN 9781904600503
Gewicht 340 g
Hersteller Gambit
Breite 17,2 cm
Höhe 24,8 cm
Medium Buch
Erscheinungsjahr 2006
Autor Valeri Beim
Sprache Englisch
Auflage 1
ISBN-10 1904600506
ISBN-13 9781904600503
Seiten 176
Einband kartoniert
004 Symbols
005 Introduction
007 'The Devil is in the Detail'

008 Part 1: Tactics in Chess
008 What are Tactics and Combinations?
018 Tactics in Practice
024 Blow for Blow
030 Logical Analysis
042 Developing Tactical Skills

051 Exercises for Part 1

058 Part 2: The Technique of Calculating Variations
058 Calculation and Tactics
064 The Technique of Calculating Variations
071 What to Do Before Starting to Calculate
080 Unclear and Complex Situations
086 The Role of Judgement
094 When to Stop Calculating
098 Calculation by Stages
104 Concrete Action to Realize an Advantage
110 Resulting Moves
125 Summary
126 Calculation Training
131 Conclusion

132 Exercises for Part 2

143 Solutions
143 Solutions for Part 1 Exercises
155 Solutions for Part 2 Exercises

173 Index of Players
Der aus Odessa stammende GM Valeri Beim lebt heute in Österreich; er hat eine gleichermaßen große Erfahals aktiver Spieler, als Trainer und als Schach-Autor vorzuweisen. In seinem neuen Buch „Wie Schach-Taktiken zu berechnen sind" wirft er einerseits einen Blick auf taktische Wendungen und Kombinationen, zum anderen versucht er die Technik des Variantenberechnens aufzuhelund dem Leser - Zielgruppe sind Amateurspieler - hinreichend genau zu erklären.
Der 1. Teil des Buches befasst sich mit der Schach-Taktik (S. 8-50). Große Sorgfalt verwendet Beim daauf korrekte Definitionen von „Taktik" und „Kombination", erläudie Schwierigkeiten in der prakPartie, die sich nach dem Auslassen taktischer Chancen für den Spieler ergeben können, weist auf Serien taktischer Schläge hin („Blow for Blow" - nebst ihrem psychologischen Einfluss auf den Gegner!), und gibt schließlich Hinauf die Möglichkeit, taktiGeschick durch die logische Analyse verschiedener Positionen zu entwickeln und zu stärken. Letztlich seien in jeder Partie Strategie und Taktik untrennbar miteinander verAnhand von 40 ausgewählkombinatorischen Aufgaben (S. 51-57, kommentierte Lösungen auf S. 143-155) kann sich der Leser soselbst an überraschenden Wenversuchen.
Im 2. Teil steht dann die Technik der Variantenberechnung zur Diskussion (S. 58-131). Der Abschnitt beginnt mit der innigen Verbindung von Beund Taktik, sodann setzt sich der Autor im Hauptteil kritisch mit den Thesen Alexander Kotows aus dessen altem Buch „Denke wie ein Großmeister" auseinander. Kotow hatte damals die Begriffe „Variund „Kandidatenzüge" eingeführt, und war der Ansicht, dass jede Variante nur einmal durchwerden sollte, um am Brett Energie und Bedenkzeit zu sparen.
Beim modifiziert nun diese Annahund kreiert z.T. andere und zuätzliche Hypothesen, etwa: erst eilogische Analyse durchführen, dann erst mit dem Rechnen beginOder: auch in unklaren Situasoll die Variantenberechnung dabei helfen, zu übersichtlicheren Stellungen zu gelangen, welche dann natürlich auch noch korrekt bewerden müssen. Schwierig ist auch die Frage zu beantworten, wann die Berechnungen abgebrowerden sollten, oder auch die, wann eine Analyse in Stufen hilferscheint. Zudem sei der Zeitwichtig, wann konkrete Schritte unternommen werden müsum einen Vorteil zu verwerten. Manchmal ergeben verschiedene Kandidatenzüge in der Zusammeneinen „Resulting move", also einen für den Gegner höchst überraZug, der schlagartig die Situation klärt.
Um sowohl die taktischen als auch die damit eng verbundenen Berechnungsfähigkeiten zu trainieren, empBeim neben seiner logischen Analyse durchaus auch die selbstänund regelmäßige(!) Lösung takAufgaben, insbesondere von Endspielstudien.
Den Abschluss des 2. Teils bilden 60 Aufgaben zum Thema (S. 132-142), deren Lösungen ausführlich auf S. 155-172 besprochen werden. Zur Illustration des Textes führt der Autor zahlreiche Beispiele aus der Meisterpraxis an, insgesamt 14 volländige kommentierte Partien und 80 Partiefragmente bzw. Studien, welche selbstverständlich auf die jeThemen zugeschnitten sind.
Beim (und nicht nur er!) ist der Meidass etwa 90% der praktiPartien durch taktische Manöentschieden werden und dass sich Amateure und Meister primär durch die verschiedenen taktisch-kombinatorischen Fähigkeiten in der Spielstärke voneinander unterschei
Insofern soll auch dieses Buch dazu beitragen, auf einem fundierten theoretischen Hintergrund das taktiSehvermögen zu verbessern und die Effizienz der Variantenbezu stärken. Dabei gereidem Leser englische Sprachdurchaus zum Vorteil.

Mit freundlicher Genehmigung
Dr. W. Schweizer, Rochade Europa 7/2007